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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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bulgaria.3
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1991-04-07
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Government
Long-form name: People's Republic of Bulgaria.
Type: Communist state, but democratic elections planned
for 1990.
Capital: Sofia.
Administrative divisions: 8 provinces (oblasti, singular--oblast)
and 1 city* (grad); Burgas, Grad Sofiya*, Khaskovo, Lovech,
Mikhaylovgrad, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Sofiya, Varna.
Independence: 22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire).
Constitution: 16 May 1971, effective 18 May 1971.
Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law
influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the State
Council; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.
National holiday: Anniversary of the Socialist Revolution
in Bulgaria, 9 September (1944).
Executive branch: president, chairman of the Council of
Ministers, four deputy chairmen of the Council of Ministers,
Council of Ministers.
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Narodno
Sobranyie).
Judicial branch: Supreme Court.
Leaders:
Chief of State--President Petur Toshev MLADENOV (chairman of the
State Council since 11 November 1989; became president on 3 April
1990 when the State Council was abolished);
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers
Andrey LUKANOV (since 3 February 1990); Deputy Chairman
of the Council of Ministers Chudomir Asenov ALEKSANDROV
(since 8 February 1990); Deputy Chairman of the Council
of Ministers Belcho Antonov BELCHEV (since 8 February 1990);
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Konstantin Dimitrov
KOSEV (since 8 February 1990); Deputy Chairman of the Council
of Ministers Nora Krachunova ANANIEVA (since 8 February 1990).
Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party
(BKP), Aleksandur Lilov, chairman; Bulgarian National Agrarian
Union (BZNS), Angel Angelov Dimitrov, secretary of Permanent
Board; Bulgarian Social Democratic Party, Petur Dentlieu;
Green Party; Christian Democrats; Radical Democratic Party;
others forming.
Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18.
Elections:
Chairman of the State Council--last held 17 June 1986 (next to be
held 10 and 17 June 1990); results--Todor Zhivkov reelected but
was replaced by Petur Toshev Mladenov on 11 November 1989;
National Assembly--last held 8 June 1986 (next to be held
10 and 17 June 1990); results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(400 total) BKP 276, BZNS 99, others 25.
Communists: 932,055 party members (April 1986).
Other political or pressure groups: Union of Democratic
Forces (umbrella organization for opposition groups); Ecoglenost,
Podkrepa Independent Trade Union, Fatherland Front, Communist
Youth Union, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee
for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism
and Capitalism, Committee of Bulgarian Women, All-National
Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship; Union of Democratic
Forces, a coalition of about a dozen dissident groups; numerous
regional and national interest groups with various agendas.
Member of: CCC, CEMA, FAO, IAEA, IBEC, ICAO, ILO, ILZSG,
IMO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC--International Wheat Council, UN,
UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Velichko Filipov VELICHKOV;
Chancery at 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone
(202) 387-7969; US--Ambassador Sol POLANSKY; Embassy at
1 Alexander Stamboliski Boulevard, Sofia (mailing address
is APO New York 09213); telephone [359] (2) 88-48-01 through 05.
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green,
and red with the national emblem on the hoist side of the
white stripe; the emblem contains a rampant lion within
a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and
above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state
established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control).